United Press
International, Wednesday, October 18, 2000
Genetic
barrier to engineering corn discovered
By M.
Massler
A Wisconsin
plant geneticist says he's discovered the answer to American's ongoing "taco
problem" finding unwanted bioengineered corn in the food supply.
Working
with a wild relative of corn called teosinte, Jerry Kermicle, a retired professor of
genetics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, found a set of genes that resist the
uptake of foreign genetic material. Included would be genes from genetically modified
corn, recently claimed as cropping up in tacos.
Kermicle
told United Press International those wild genes could serve as a "molecular
barrier" to genetically transfer from one farmer's engineered crop to his neighbor's
non-engineered crop, for example.
An
important point, naturally, would be transferring the wild genes into hybrid corn grown in
the United States, using traditional breeding methods rather than genetic engineering, he
said.
Kermicle
has licensed the new technology to the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, or WARF, the
university's non-profit technology transfer arm, which told UPI that seed companies are
showing great interest in adopting it.
"We
do not oppose GMOs (genetically modified organisms)," WARF official and agronomist
Steven Gerrish said. "But we recognize that the public is not ready for them yet.
This is a way to provide some insurance that corn the public eats now will not be
genetically modified until it understands that the technology can be used for good
purposes, such as adding nutritional value to grains used in developing nations."
Teosinte
has grown wild near edible corn in Mexico for thousands of years, but does not grow
naturally in the United States. Both are grasses with similar genetic makeup, which gave
Kermicle the idea of investigating whether the barrier trait of teosinte could be
transferred to modern hybrid corn.
Corn
of all varieties is what Kermicle calls "natural traffickers in genes"
meaning cross-fertilization between strains occurs as pollen is carried by bees or blown
by the wind between corn fields.
The
natural transfer means modern hybrid or even organic corn can accidentally cross with
genetically engineered corn, rendering the traditional corn unuseable for export to
countries where it is banned, or where consumers won't buy it.
"This
technology can potentially solve the problem of contamination of regular hybrid corn and
organic hybrid corn by any genetically modified organism during the growing season,"
said Gerrish. "Corn grown with the teosinte genes could also allow a farmer to grow
both types of corn crops and maintain a market-segregated product."
Currently,
nearly 23 percent of US-grown corn is exported to other nations, with 8 percent used for
sweeteners, 2.6 percent for starch, 5 percent to produce alcohol, and 1.2 percent for food
products for human consumption. A little over 50 percent is used for animal feed.
All
the corn used for export, human and animal consumption could be grown using the barrier
genes, given the growing interest in the United States and abroad for corn certified as
non-GMOs, said Gerrish. He added that interest in corn grown GMO-free is even greater
abroad, in Japan, Europe, Australia and New Zealand in particular.
Gerrish
expects that corn seed incorporating the barrier genes will be commercially available by
2002 or 2003 at the latest. While WARF is conducting negotiations with numerous large seed
companies, Gerrish said, he would name none of them "at this point."
In
addition, the licensing agreements companies make with WARF will include a provision that
GMO technology is kept out of corn varieties with the teosinte barrier.
"Patenting
and licensing the technology provides some protection for it to be used properly,"
said Gerrish.
Environmental
Defense Fund scientist Rebecca Goldburg commented that she hoped the technology, if proven
to work, will not be used by seed companies to sell more seeds to developing nations.
Discouraging seed saving has been an issue in the past among large companies and some
nations, said New York-based Goldburg.
"With
most people in the U.S. concerned about tacos and engineered grain getting into them, we
hope that the new technology will be used to allay the public's fears that the corn it
eats will not be genetically engineered until it has more confidence in genetic
engineering," said Gerrish.
Copyright
2000, United Press International
All Rights Reserved |